Advances in sequencing technologies over the past 15 years have led to a substantially greater appreciation of the importance of the gut microbiome to the health of the host. Recent outcomes indicate that aspects of nutrition, especially lipids (exogenous or endogenous), can influence the gut microbiota composition and consequently, play an important role in the metabolic health of the host. This review firstly summarizes the general background regarding the interactions between important non-polar dietary or amphoteric endogenous lipids and gut microbiota. In addition, the present status of lipidomics in current clinical interventions as well as their strengths and limitations are also presented.
